Clinical Research

    ProleevaMax™ was developed from intense research and produced with your health in mind.

    Introduction

    Choline Bitartrate

    • Sidhu N, Davies S, Nadarajah A, Rivera J, Whittington R, Mercier RJ, Virag L, Wang S, Flood P
      Oral choline supplementation for postoperative pain. Br J Anaesth. 2013 Aug;111(2):249-55. doi: 10.1093/bja/aet031. Epub 2013 Apr 7. PMID: 23568851; PMCID: PMC3841409.

    5-HTP (5-hydroxytryptophan)

    L-Arginine

    • Morris CR, Kuypers FA, Lavrisha L, Ansari M, Sweeters N, Stewart M, Gildengorin G, Neumayr L, Vichinsky EP
      A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of arginine therapy for the treatment of children with sickle cell disease hospitalized with vaso-occlusive pain episodes. Haematologica. 2013 Sep;98(9):1375-82. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2013.086637. Epub 2013 May 3. PMID: 23645695; PMCID: PMC3762093.
    • Hnia K, Gayraud J, Hugon G, Ramonatxo M, De La Porte S, Matecki S, Mornet D
      L-arginine decreases inflammation and modulates the nuclear factor-kappaB/matrix metalloproteinase cascade in mdx muscle fibers. Am J Pathol. 2008 Jun;172(6):1509-19. doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.071009. Epub 2008 May 5. PMID: 18458097; PMCID: PMC2408412.
    • Rondón, L. J., Farges, M. C., Davin, N., Sion, B., Privat, A. M., Vasson, M. P., Eschalier, A., & Courteix, C. (2018)
      L-Arginine supplementation prevents allodynia and hyperalgesia in painful diabetic neuropathic rats by normalizing plasma nitric oxide concentration and increasing plasma agmatine concentration. European journal of nutrition, 57(7), 2353–2363. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-017-1508-x
    • Wu, T., Wang, C., Ding, L., Shen, Y., Cui, H., Wang, M., & Wang, H. (2016)
      Arginine Relieves the Inflammatory Response and Enhances the Casein Expression in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Induced by Lipopolysaccharide. Mediators of inflammation, 2016, 9618795. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9618795

    Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) 99%

    • Ngo DH, Vo TS
      An Updated Review on Pharmaceutical Properties of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid. Molecules. 2019 Jul 24;24(15):2678. doi: 10.3390/molecules24152678. PMID: 31344785; PMCID: PMC6696076.

    Glutamine

    • Samuel Wilson, Frances Wright, Marcus A. Carden
      L-Glutamine Decreases Opioid Use in Individuals with Sickle Cell Disease and Chronic Pain: A Case Series, Blood, Volume 134, Supplement 1, 2019, Page 4849, ISSN 0006-4971, https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-126179.
    • Coqueiro AY, Rogero MM, Tirapegui J
      Glutamine as an Anti-Fatigue Amino Acid in Sports Nutrition. Nutrients. 2019 Apr 17;11(4):863. doi: 10.3390/nu11040863. PMID: 30999561; PMCID: PMC6520936.
    • Kim MH, Kim H
      The Roles of Glutamine in the Intestine and Its Implication in Intestinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 May 12;18(5):1051. doi: 10.3390/ijms18051051. PMID: 28498331; PMCID: PMC5454963.
    • Córdova-Martínez A, Caballero-García A, Bello HJ, Pérez-Valdecantos D, Roche E
      Effect of Glutamine Supplementation on Muscular Damage Biomarkers in Professional Basketball Players. Nutrients. 2021 Jun 17;13(6):2073. doi: 10.3390/nu13062073. PMID: 34204359; PMCID: PMC8234492.

    L-Serine

    • YE, L., SUN, Y., JIANG, Z. & WANG, G. 2021
      L-Serine, an Endogenous Amino Acid, Is a Potential Neuroprotective Agent for Neurological Disease and Injury. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, 14.

    L-Serine

    • Gupta SC, Patchva S, Aggarwal BB
      Therapeutic roles of curcumin: lessons learned from clinical trials. AAPS J. 2013 Jan;15(1):195-218. doi: 10.1208/s12248-012-9432-8. Epub 2012 Nov 10. PMID: 23143785; PMCID: PMC3535097.
    • Kumar A, Dhawan S, Hardegen NJ, Aggarwal BB
      Curcumin (Diferuloylmethane) inhibition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells by suppression of cell surface expression of adhesion molecules and of nuclear factor-kappaB activationBiochem Pharmacol. (1998 Mar 15)
    • Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Dugall M, Pellegrini L, Ledda A, Grossi MG, Togni S, Appendino G
      Product-evaluation registry of Meriva®, a curcumin-phosphatidylcholine complex, for the complementary management of osteoarthritisPanminerva Med.(2010 Jun)
    • Binion DG, Heidemann J, Li MS, Nelson VM, Otterson MF, Rafiee P
      Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells is regulated by PI 3-kinase/Akt/MAPK/NF-kappaB: inhibitory role of curcuminAm J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. (2009 Aug)
    • Di Pierro F, Rapacioli G, Di Maio EA, Appendino G, Franceschi F, Togni S
      Comparative evaluation of the pain-relieving properties of a lecithinized formulation of curcumin (Meriva(®)), nimesulide, and acetaminophenJ Pain Res.(2013)
    • Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Dugall M, Pellegrini L, Ledda A, Grossi MG, Togni S
      Appendino G Efficacy and safety of Meriva®, a curcumin-phosphatidylcholine complex, during extended administration in osteoarthritis patientsAltern Med Rev. (2010 Dec)

    Boswellia Extract (Boswellia serrata)

    • Perry TA1, Weerasuriya A, Mouton PR, Holloway HW, Greig NH
      Pyridoxine-induced toxicity in rats: a stereological quantification of the sensory neuropathyExp Neurol. (2004 Nov)

    Piperine

    • Gupta SC, Patchva S, Aggarwal BB
      Therapeutic roles of curcumin: lessons learned from clinical trials. AAPS J. 2013 Jan;15(1):195-218. doi: 10.1208/s12248-012-9432-8. Epub 2012 Nov 10. PMID: 23143785; PMCID: PMC3535097.
    • Tripathi AK, Ray AK, Mishra SK
      Molecular and pharmacological aspects of piperine as a potential molecule for disease prevention and management: evidence from clinical trials. Beni Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci. 2022;11(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s43088-022-00196-1. Epub 2022 Jan 28. PMID: 35127957; PMCID: PMC8796742.

    Matcha Green Tea Extract

    • Kochman J, Jakubczyk K, Antoniewicz J, Mruk H, Janda K
      Health Benefits and Chemical Composition of Matcha Green Tea: A Review. Molecules. 2020 Dec 27;26(1):85. doi: 10.3390/molecules26010085. PMID: 33375458; PMCID: PMC7796401.
    • Sachdeva AK, Kuhad A, Tiwari V, Arora V, Chopra K
      Protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate in murine water-immersion stress model of chronic fatigue syndrome Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. (2010 Jun)

    Panax Ginseng Root Powder

    • Kim JH, Yi YS, Kim MY, Cho JY
      Role of ginsenosides, the main active components of Panax ginseng, in inflammatory responses and diseases. J Ginseng Res. 2017 Oct;41(4):435-443. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.08.004. Epub 2016 Aug 18. PMID: 29021688; PMCID: PMC5628327.
    • Li MX, Wei QQ, Lu HJ
      Progress on the Elucidation of the Antinociceptive Effect of Ginseng and Ginsenosides in Chronic Pain. Front Pharmacol. 2022 Feb 21;13:821940. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.821940. PMID: 35264958; PMCID: PMC8899510.

    Resveratrol 98%

    • Sahar Foshati;Mohammad Hossein Rouhani;Reza Amani; (2021)
      The effect of grape seed extract supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of controlled trials . International Journal of Clinical Practice, (), –. doi:10.1111/ijcp.14469
    • Terra X, Valls J, Vitrac X, Mérrillon JM, Arola L, Ardèvol A, Bladé C, Fernandez-Larrea J, Pujadas G, Salvadó J, Blay M
      Grape-seed procyanidins act as antiinflammatory agents in endotoxin-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages by inhibiting NFkB signaling pathway J Agric Food Chem. (2007 May 30)
    • Nallathambi R, Poulev A, Zuk JB, Raskin I
      Proanthocyanidin-Rich Grape Seed Extract Reduces Inflammation and Oxidative Stress and Restores Tight Junction Barrier Function in Caco-2 Colon Cells. Nutrients. 2020 Jun 1;12(6):1623. doi: 10.3390/nu12061623. PMID: 32492806; PMCID: PMC7352846.

    Vitamin B6

    1. Baghdikian B, Lanhers M, Fleurentin J, et al.

    An analytical study, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Harpagophytum procumbens and Harpagophytum zeyheri. Planta Med. 1997;63:171-176.

    2. Brien S, Lewith GT, McGregor G

    Devil’s Claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) as a Treatment for Osteoarthritis: A Review of Efficacy and Safety. J Altern Complement Med. 2006;12(10):981-93.

    3. Cameron M, Gagnier JJ, Little CV, Parsons TJ, Blümle A, Chrubasik S

    Evidence of effectiveness of herbal medicinal products in the treatment of arthritis. Part I: Osteoarthritis. Phytother Res. 2009 Nov;23(11):1497-515.

    4. Chantre P, Cappelaere A, Leblan D, Guedon D, Vandermander J, Fournie B.

    Efficacy and tolerance of Harpagophytum procumbens versus diacerhein in treatment of osteoarthritis. Phytomedicine. 2000;7(3):177-83.

    5. Chrubasik S, Junck H, Breitschwerdt H, Conradt C, Zappe H

    Effectiveness of Harpagophytum extract WS 1531 in the treatment of exacerbation of low back pain: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 1999;16(2):118-129.

    6. Chrubasik S, Pollak S, Black A

    Effectiveness of devil’s claw for osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2002;41(11):1332-3.

    7. Ernst E, Chrubasik S

    Phyto anti-inflammatories. A systematic review of randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2000;26(1):13-27.

    8. Gagnier JJ, van Tulder MW, Berman B, Bombardier C

    Herbal medicine for low back pain: a Cochrane review. Spine. 2007;32(1):82-92.

    9. Gobel H, Heinze A, Ingwersen M, Niederberger U, Gerber D

    Effects of Harpagophytum procumbens LI 174 (devil’s claw) on sensory, motor und vascular muscle reagibility in the treatment of unspecific back pain. [German] Schmerz. 2001;15(1):10-18.

    10. Laudahn D, Walper A

    Efficacy and tolerance of Harpagophytum extract LI 174 in patients with chronic non-radicular back pain. Phytother Res. 2001;15(7):621-4.

    11. Leblan D, Chantre P, Fournie B

    Harpagophytum procumbens in the treatment of knee and hip osteoarthritis. Four-month results of a prospective, multicenter, double-blind trial versus diacerhein. Joint Bone Spine. 2000;67(5):462-467.

    12. Chrubasik S, Fiebich B, Black A, and et al.

    Treating low back pain with an extract of Harpagophytum procumbens that inhibits cytokine release. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2002;19:209.

    13. Ameye, L. G. and Chee, W. S.

    Osteoarthritis and nutrition. From nutraceuticals to functional foods: a systematic review of the scientific evidence. Arthritis Res Ther 2006;8:R127. View abstract.

    14. Lanhers MC, Fleurentin J, Mortier F, et al.

    Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of an aqueous extract of Harpagophytum procumbens. Planta Med 1992;58:117-23 . View abstract.

    15. Grahame R, Robinson BV

    Devils’s claw (Harpagophytum procumbens): pharmacological and clinical studies. Ann Rheum Dis 1981;40:632. View abstract.

    16. Chrubasik S, Sporer F, Dillmann-Marschner R, et al.

    Physicochemical properties of harpagoside and its in vitro release from Harpagophytum procumbens extract tablets. Phytomedicine 2000;6:469-73. View abstract.

    17. Bloomer RJ

    The role of nutritional supplements in the prevention and treatment of resistance exercise-induced skeletal muscle injury. Sports Med. 2007;37(6):519-532. Review.

    18. Brien S, Lewith G, Walker AF, et al.

    Bromelain as an adjunctive treatment for moderate-to-severe osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study. QJM. 2006 Dec;99(12):841-850.

    19. Chobotova K, Vernallis AB, Majid FA

    Bromelain’s activity and potential as an anti-cancer agent: Current evidence and perspectives. Cancer Lett. 2010 Apr 28;290(2):148-156. Review.

    20. Guo R, Canter PH, Ernst E

    Herbal medicines for the treatment of rhinosinusitis: a systematic review. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006 Oct;135(4):496-506. Review.

    21. Klein G, Kullich W

    Short-term treatment of painful osteoarthritis of the knee with oral enzymes. A randomized, double-blind study versus diclofenac. Clin Drug Invest. 2000;19(1):15-23.

    22. Klein G, Kullich W, Schnitker J, Schwann H

    Efficacy and tolerance of an oral enzyme combination in painful osteoarthritis of the hip. A double-blind, randomised study comparing oral enzymes with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2006 Jan-Feb;24(1):25-30.

    23. Pillai K, Akhter J, Chua TC, Morris DL

    Anticancer property of bromelain with therapeutic potential in malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. Cancer Invest. 2013; 31(4):241-250.

    24. Szczurko O, Cooley K, Mills EJ, Zhou Q, Perri D, Seely D

    Naturopathic treatment of rotator cuff tendinitis among Canadian postal workers: a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Aug 15;61(8):1037-1045.

    25. Taussig SJ, Batkin S

    Bromelain, the enzyme complex of pineapple (Ananas comosus) and its clinical application. An update. J Ethnopharmacol. 1998;22:191-203.

    26. Wu SY, Hu W, Zhang B, Liu S, Wang JM, Wang AM

    Bromelain ameliorates the wound microenvironment and improves healing of firearm wounds. J Surg Res. 2012; 176(2):503-509.

    27. Walker AF, Bundy R, Hicks SM, Middleton RW (2002)

    “Bromelain reduces mild acute knee pain and improves well-being in a dose-dependent fashion in an open study of otherwise healthy adults”. Phytomedicine 9 (8): 681–6. doi:10.1078/094471102321621269. PMID 12587686.

    28. Brien S, Lewith G, Walker A, Hicks SM, Middleton D (2004)

    “Bromelain as a Treatment for Osteoarthritis: a Review of Clinical Studies”. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 1 (3): 251–7. doi:10.1093/ecam/neh035. PMC 538506. PMID 15841258.

    29. Beuth J (2008)

    “Proteolytic enzyme therapy in evidence-based complementary oncology: fact of fiction?”. Integr Cancer Ther 7 (4): 311–316. doi:10.1177/1534735408327251. PMID 19116226

    30. Aggarwal BB

    Curcumin-free tumeric exhibits anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities: Identification of novel components of tumeric. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2013; 57:1529-42.

    31. Aggarwal BB, Sundaram C, Malani N, Ichikawa H

    Curcumin: the Indian solid gold. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2007;595:1-75.

    32. Asher GN, Spelman K

    Clinical utility of curcumin extract. Altern Ther Health Med. 2013;19:20-2.

    33. Darvesh AS, Aggarwal BB, Bishayee A

    Curcumin and Liver Cancer: A Review. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2011 Apr 5. [Epub ahead of print]

    34. Davis JM, Murphy EA, Carmichael MD, Zielinski MR, Groschwitz CM, Brown AS, Ghaffar A, Mayer EP

    Curcumin effects on inflammation and performance recovery following eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2007 Mar 1

    35. Dorai T, Cao YC, Dorai B, Buttyan R, Katz AE

    Therapeutic potential of curcumin in human prostate cancer. III. Curcumin inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis, and inhibits angiogenesis of LNCaP prostate cancer cells in vivo. Prostate. 2001;47:293-303.

    36. Dorai T, Gehani N, Katz A

    Therapeutic potential of curcumin in human prostate cancer. II. Curcumin inhibits tyrosine kinase activity of epidermal growth factor receptor and depletes the protein. Mol Urol. 2000;4:1-6.

    37. Funk JL, Frye JB, Oyarzo JN, Kuscuoglu N, Wilson J, McCaffrey G, et al.

    Efficacy and mechanism of action of turmeric supplements in the treatment of experimental arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54:3452-64.

    38. Hanai H, Iida T, Takeuchi K, Watanabe F, Maruyama Y, et al.

    Curcumin maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis: randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4:1502-6.

    39. Handler N, Jaeger W, Puschacher H, Leisser K, Erker T

    Synthesis of novel curcumin analogues and their evaluation as selective cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitors. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2007;55:64-71.

    40. Nagaraju GP, Aliya S, Zafar SF, Basha R, Diaz R, El-Rayes BF

    The impact of curcumin on breast cancer. Integr Biol (Camb). 2012; 4:996-1007.

    41. Rao CV

    Regulation of COX and LOX by curcumin. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2007;595:213-26.

    42. Sharma RA, Steward WP, Gescher AJ

    Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of curcumin. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2007;595:453-70.

    43. Shehzad A, Khan S, Shehzad O, Lee YS

    Curcumin therapeutic promises and bioavailability in colorectal cancer. Drugs Today (Barc). 2010;46:523-32. Review.

    44. Shehzad A, Rehman G, Lee YS

    Curcumin in inflammatory diseases. Biofactors. 2013; 39:69-77.

    45. White B, Judkins DZ

    Clinical Inquiry. Does turmeric relieve inflammatory conditions? J Fam Pract. 2011;60:155-6. Review.

    46. Priyadarsini KI (2014)

    “The chemistry of curcumin: from extraction to therapeutic agent”. Molecules 19 (12): 20091–112. doi:10.3390/molecules191220091. PMID 25470276.

    47. Bandyopadhyay; Ranajit K. Banerjee (10 July 2004)

    “Turmeric and curcumin: Biological actions and medicinal applications” (PDF). Current Science (Indian Academy of Sciences) 87 (1): 44–53. ISSN 0011-3891. Retrieved 16 March 2013.

    48. Nagpal M, Sood S (2013)

    “Role of curcumin in systemic and oral health: An overview”. J Nat Sci Biol Med 4 (1): 3–7. doi:10.4103/0976-9668.107253. PMC 3633300. PMID 23633828.

    49. National Institutes of Health

    “Clinical trials on turmeric.” Clinical Trials Registry. December 2013. Retrieved December 29, 2013.

    50. Mishra S, Palanivelu K (January–March 2008)

    “The effect of curcumin (turmeric) on Alzheimer’s disease: An overview”. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 11 (1): 13–9. doi:10.4103/0972-2327.40220. PMC 2781139. PMID 19966973.

    51. Maithili Karpaga, Selvi, N, Sridhar, MG, Swaminathan, RP, Sripradha, R (May 2014)

    “Efficacy of turmeric as adjuvant therapy in type 2 diabetic patients.” Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry 30 (2): 180–186. doi:10.1007/s12291-014-0436-2.

    52. Xin-Xin Zheng, Yan-Lu Xu, et al.

    Green tea intake lowers fasting serum total and LDL cholesterol in adults: a meta-analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials Am J Clin Nutr August 2011.

    53. Abdul G Dulloo, Claudette Duret, et al.

    Efficacy of a green tea extract rich in catechin polyphenols and caffeine in increasing 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 70, No. 6, 1040-1045, December 1999.

    54. Auvichayapat P1, Prapochanung M, Tunkamnerdthai O, Sripanidkulchai BO, Auvichayapat N, Thinkhamrop B, Kunhasura S, Wongpratoom S, Sinawat S, Hongprapas P

    Effectiveness of green tea on weight reduction in obese Thais: A randomized, controlled trial. Physiol Behav. 2008 Feb 27;93(3):486-91. Epub 2007 Oct 18.

    55. Kushiyama et al.

    Relationship Between Intake of Green Tea and Periodontal Disease. Journal of Periodontology, 2009; 80 (3): 372 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.080510

    56. McLarty, Jerry, Bigelow, Rebecca LH, Smith, Mylinh, Elmajian, Don, Ankem, Murali, Cardelli, James A

    “Tea Polyphenols Decrease Serum Levels of Prostate-Specific Antigen, Hepatocyte Growth Factor, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Prostate Cancer Patients and Inhibit Production of Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor In vitro.” Cancer Prevention Research, Published Online First on June 19, 2009. DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-08-0167

    57. Birdsall TC

    5-Hydroxytryptophan: a clinically-effective serotonin precursor. Altern Med Rev. 1998;3:271–280.

    58. Caruso I, Sarzi Puttini P, Cazzola M, et al.

    Double-blind study of 5-hydroxytryptophan versus placebo in the treatment of primary fibromyalgia syndrome. J Int Med Res. 1990;18:201-209.

    59. Ceci F, Cangiano C, Cairella M, Cascino A, et al.

    The effects of oral 5-hydroxytryptophan administration on feeding behavior in obese adult female subjects. J Neural Transm. 1989;76:109-117.

    60. DeBenedittis G, Massei R

    Serotonin precursors in chronic primary headache. A double-blind cross-over study with L-5-hydroxytryptophan vs. placebo. J Neurosurg Sci. 1985;29:239-248.

    61. Ribeiro CA

    L-5-Hydroxytryptophan in the prophylaxis of chronic tension-type headache: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Headache. 2000;40:451-6.

    62. Brett SE, Cockcroft JR, Mant TG, Ritter JM, and Chowienczyk PJ

    Haemodynamic effects of inhibition of nitric oxide synthase and of L-arginine at rest and during exercise. J Hypertens. 1998;16:429-435. View abstract.

    63. McCarter MD, Gentilini OD, Gomez ME, and Daly JM

    Preoperative oral supplement with immunonutrients in cancer patients. JPEN J Parenter.Enteral Nutr 1998;22:206-211. View abstract.

    64. Gianotti L, Braga M, Vignali A, Balzano G, Zerbi A, Bisagni P, and Di Carlo V

    Effect of route of delivery and formulation of postoperative nutritional support in patients undergoing major operations for malignant neoplasms. Arch.Surg. 1997;132:1222-1229. View abstract.

    65. Schilling J, Vranjes N, Fierz W, Joller H, Gyurech D, Ludwig E, Marathias K, and Geroulanos S

    Clinical outcome and immunology of postoperative arginine, omega-3 fatty acids, and nucleotide-enriched enteral feeding: a randomized prospective comparison with standard enteral and low calorie/low fat i.v. solutions. Nutrition 1996;12:423-429. View abstract.

    66. Kirk SJ, Hurson M, Regan MC, Holt DR, Wasserkrug HL, and Barbul A

    Arginine stimulates wound healing and immune function in elderly human beings. Surgery 1993;114:155-159. View abstract.

    67. Brittenden J, Heys SD, Miller I, Sarkar TK, Hutcheon AW, Needham G, Gilbert F, McKean M, Ah-See AK, and Eremin O

    Dietary supplementation with L-arginine in patients with breast cancer (> 4 cm) receiving multimodality treatment: report of a feasibility study. Br J Cancer

    68. Daly JM, Weintraub FN, Shou J, Rosato EF, and Lucia M

    Enteral nutrition during multimodality therapy in upper gastrointestinal cancer patients. Ann.Surg. 1995;221:327-338. View abstract.

    69. Jude EB, Dang C, and Boulton AJ

    Effect of L-arginine on the microcirculation in the neuropathic diabetic foot in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Diabet.Med. 2010;27:113-116. View abstract.

    70. Cahill NE, Dhaliwal R, Day AG, Jiang X, and Heyland DK

    Nutrition therapy in the critical care setting: what is “best achievable” practice? An international multicenter observational study. Crit Care Med. 2010;38:395-401. View abstract.

    71. Okamoto Y, Okano K, Izuishi K, Usuki H, Wakabayashi H, and Suzuki Y

    Attenuation of the systemic inflammatory response and infectious complications after gastrectomy with preoperative oral arginine and omega-3 fatty acids supplemented immunonutrition. World J Surg. 2009;33:1815-1821. View abstract.

    72. Kemen M, Senkal M, Homann HH, et al.

    Early postoperative enteral nutrition with arginine-omega-3 fatty acids and ribonucleic acid-supplemented diet vs placebo in cancer patients: an immunologic evaluation of impact. Crit Care Med 1995;23:652-9. View abstract.

    73. Senkal M, Kemen M, Homann HH, et al.

    Modulation of postoperative immune response by enteral nutrition with a diet enriched with arginine, RNA, and omega-3 fatty acids in patients with upper gastrointestinal cancer. Eur J Surg 1995;161:115-22. View abstract.

    74. Daly JM, Lieberman MD, Goldfine J, et al.

    Enteral nutrition with supplemental arginine, RNA, and omega-3 fatty acids in patients after operation: immunologic, metabolic and clinical outcome. Surgery 1992;112:56-67. View abstract.

    75. Sandrini G, Franchini S, Lanfranchi S, et al.

    Effectiveness of ibuprofen-arginine in the treatment of acute migraine attacks. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1998;18:145-50. View abstract
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